Energy Efficient Construction Techniques DWG Block for AutoCAD

Energy Efficient Construction Techniques DWG Block for AutoCAD

energy efficient construction techniques; Optimization of the building envelop;Thermal storage/thermal capacity;Evaporating cooling wind tower

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submitted to :-ar.gopal goyal., energy efficient techniques, guidelines, verandah with arches as a solar-passive strategy, proposed mandatory clause, technical guidelines, achieve thermal and visual comfort inside the building by using natural energy sources and sinks, so that there is significant reduction in energy consumption by conventional air conditioning and artificial lighting in a building., solar-passive design, solar-passive buildings are designed to achieve thermaland visualcomfort byusing naturalenergysources and sinks, e.g. solar, radiation, outside air,, wet surfaces, vegetation, etc. the, solar, -passive design strategy should, vary from one climate to another. for, example, in bangalore, which was in, the moderate climate zone, natural, however, in hyderabad,, which was under the hot and dry climate zone, evaporative cooling, will be every effective., architects and designers can achieve energy efficiency in the buildings .they design by studying the macro and micro climate of the site, applying solar-passive and bio climatic features and taking advantage of natural resources on site., designers can archive a solar passive building design by following the steps mentioned below:-, landscaping, landscaping by vegetation is one of the most effective ways of micro climate for better conditions. trees provide buffer to sun, heat, noise, and air poution. landscaping can be used, to direct or divert the air flow advantageously., trees help to shade the building from intense direct solar radiation. trees species could be selected depending upon the climate zone and building design., water and trees as landscape elements at sangath, ahmedabad, forms in the building acting as shading device, water bodies, water has a moderating effect on the air temperature of the microclimate. it possesses very high thermal storage capacity, much higher than the building materials, like brick, concrete, and stone. a large body of water in the form of a lake, river or fountain has the ability to moderate the air temperature in the microclimate. water evaporation has a cooling effect on the surroundings. it takes up heat from the air through evaporation and causes significant cooling., orientation, in solar-passive buildings, orientation is a major design consideration, mainly with regard to solar radiation, daylight, and wind. the orientation of the building should be based on whether cooling or heating is a predominant requirement in the building. the amount of solar radiation falling on a surface varies with orientation. for ex., figure : average daily solar radiation received on the north orientation facade, figure : average daily solar radiation received on the south orientation facade, prepared by :-pawan kumar sharma, average daily solar radiation received on the east orientation façade, figure:- average daily radiation received on the west orientation facade, building form: surface to volume ratio, figure : building forms simulated for surface to volume ratio, optimization of the building envelop, choice building materials for the envelop is important to building for reduce energy consumption of a building through reduced solar heat gain or loss, thus reduce conditioning optimized selection of building materials for making the external envelop also aye in plays an important roll in achieving thermal comfort in buildings, where thermal comfort is achieved through passive-cooling strategies, such as natural ventilation. building envelope building envelop components are the key determinants of the heat gain or loss and wind that enters the building. the important components od a building envelop that affec performance of the building are:, o wall o roof o windows o surface finishes, walls :-, conductivity, thermal insulation, ecbc requirements for external walls for air-conditioned buildings, the ebbc recommends thermal performance for external opaque walls. these are mentioned below:, optimization of roofs, figure shows that the solar intensity of irradiation is maximum on the horizontal plane is the roof.conductance of heat from the roof can be very high, if not insulated well. this can result in increased cooling load, if the space below is air conditioned, or high-discomfort hours, if the space below is naturally ventilated., average daily intensity of solar radiation incident on the horizontal roof surface in bangalore, techniques to reduce heat gains through roofs, roof of buildings with roof garden, broken china mosaic can be used as an external roof finish to reflect the incident solar radiation, a green roof is a roof of a building that is partial or completely covered with vegetation and soil that is planted over the waterproofing membrane. if widely used, green roofs can also reduce the problem of an urban heat island, which would further reduce energy consumption in urban areas, table : examples of the ecbc-compliant roof assembly, roof of buildin

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technology elective(a01094) SUBMITTED TO :-AR.GOPAL GOYAL. energy efficient techniques Guidelines Verandah with arches as a solar-passive strategy Proposed mandatory clause Table 1.1: Roof assembly U-factor requirements as per ECBC 2007 \U+FEFFClimate zone 24-hour-use buildings Daytime-use buildings \W9.30233; Hospitals, hotels, call Other building types \W9.30233; centres, etc. \W9.30233; Maximum U-factor of the Maximum U-factor of the \W9.30233; overall assembly (W/m2-K) overall assembly (W/m2-K) Moderate U-0.409 U-409 Table 1.2: Vertical fenestration U-factor and SHGC requirements (U-factor in W/m2-K) Climate Maximum U-factor Maximum SHGC Maximum SHGC(W/m2-K) \W9.30233; WWR.k< 40% WWR <60% \W9.30233; Moderate 6.9 0.4 0.3 Technical guidelines Achieve thermal and visual comfort inside the building by using natural energy sources and sinks, so that there is significant reduction in energy consumption by conventional air conditioning and artificial lighting in a building. Design external shading for windows to cut heat gains from direct soar radiation and to protect against rain. In air-conditioned buildings windows should comply with the Energy Conservation Building Code (C) EB requirements. Roofs either should comply with the EBC requirements or should be shaded Solar-passive design Solar-passive buildings are designed to achieve thermaland visualcomfort byusing naturalenergysources and sinks, e.g. solar radiation, outside air, wet surfaces, vegetation, etc. The solar -passive design strategy should vary from one climate to another. For example, in Bangalore, which was in the moderate climate zone, natural ventilation could be very effective; however, in Hyderabad, which was under the hot and dry climate zone evaporative cooling will be every effective. Architects and Designers can achieve energy efficiency in the buildings .they design by studying the macro and micro climate of the site, applying solar-passive and bio climatic features and taking advantage of natural resources on site. Designers can archive a solar passive building design by following the steps mentioned below:- 1. Modulating the microclimate of the site through landscaping. 2. Optimizing the orientation and building form. 3.Optimizing the building envelope and window design to reduce the cooling demand. 4. Applying daylight integration to reduce the artificial lighting demand 5. Adopting low-energypassive cooling strategies. Landscaping Landscaping by vegetation is one of the most effective ways of micro climate for better conditions. Trees provide buffer to sun, heat, noise, and air poution. Landscaping can be used to direct or divert the air flow advantageously. Trees help to shade the building from intense direct solar radiation. Trees species could be selected depending upon the climate zone and building design. Water and trees as landscape elements at Sangath, Ahmedabad Forms in the building acting as shading device Deciduous trees, for ex, provide shade in the summer and ample sunlight in the winter when their leaves fall. Planting them on west and south\U+2212west orientation of a building provides natural shade. Evergreen trees provide shade and wind control round the year. Natural cooling without air conditioning can be achieved by locating trees to canalize cool breeze inside the building. Additionally, the shade provided by trees reduces the air temperature of the microclimate around the building through evapotranspiration. Properly designed roof gardens help to reduce heat loads in a building. Water bodies Water has a moderating effect on the air temperature of the microclimate. It possesses very high thermal storage capacity, much higher than the building materials, like brick, concrete, and stone. A large body of water in the form of a lake, river or fountain has the ability to moderate the air temperature in the microclimate. Water evaporation has a cooling effect on the surroundings. It takes up heat from the air through evaporation and causes significant cooling. Orientation In solar-passive buildings, orientation is a major design consideration, mainly with regard to solar radiation, daylight, and wind. The orientation of the building should be based on whether cooling or heating is a predominant requirement in the building. The amount of solar radiation falling on a surface varies with orientation. For ex. in a tropical climate zone north orientation receives solar radiation with minimum intensity as shown in Figure 1.3.3 Thus , in a tropical climate, like India, long facades of buildings oriented towards north\U+2212south are preferred. South orientation receives maximum solar radiation during winters, which is preferable . east and west receive maximum solar radiation during summer. West is a crucial orientation, because radiation of high intensity of solar received during evening hours, when the internal gains are also at its peak. Thus, designers need to be very careful with designing the west facade and spaces behind the west facade. Orientation also plays an important role with respect to the the wind direction. at the building level, orientation affects the heat gain through the building envelope and thus the cooling demand. Orientation may affect the daylight factor, depending upon the surrounding built forms, and finely depending upon the windward and leeward orientation. Fenestration could be designed to integrate natural ventilation. Figure : Average daily solar radiation received on the north orientation facade Figure : Average daily solar radiation received on the south orientation facade prepared by :-pawan kumar sharma Average daily solar radiation received on the east orientation façade Figure:- Average daily radiation received on the west orientation facade Building form: surface to volume ratio Thermal performance of the volume of a space inside the building has direct relationship with the area of the envelop enclosing that volume. this parameter, known as the surface/volume ratio (S/V), is determined by the building form. The building form affects solar access and wind exposure as well the rate of heat gain and heat loss through the external envelop .a compact building gains less heat during the day and losses less heat at night. In Bangalore, buildings that are compact S/V ratio to reduce heat gains are preferred. Four building geometries were studied for the Bangalore climate zone to analyze the most-efficient form, which gains minimum heat gain from the external surfaces. These were square, rectangular, courtyard, and circular. In the moderate climate zone of banglore , the Energy Performance index(P) of a circular building is the lowest, in comparison to other building forms. This is because a circular building has the lowest S/V. It is observed in VisualDOE software results that due to the circular geometry, conduction gains from the building envelope as well as solar gains from windows are the least in comparison to other building geometries. The building form also determines the air flow around the building and hence ventilation rates inside. The circular form of a building ia an aerodynamic form, which would also help enhancing ventilating. The depth of the building determines the amount of daylight, which can penetrate inside the building is, the. The deeper the building more artificial light is required, which is not preferred in an energy-efficient building. Figure : Building forms simulated for surface to volume ratio SUBMITTED TO :-AR.GOPAL GOYAL. energy efficient techniques prepared by :-pawan kumar sharma Optimization of the building envelop Choice building materials for the envelop is important to building for reduce energy consumption of a building through reduced solar heat gain or loss, thus reduce conditioning Optimized selection of building materials for making the external envelop also aye in plays an important roll in achieving thermal comfort in buildings, where thermal comfort is achieved through passive-cooling strategies, such as natural ventilation. Building envelope Building envelop components are the key determinants of the heat gain or loss and wind that enters the building. The important components od a building envelop that affec performance of the building are: o Wall o Roof o Windows o Surface finishes walls :- Was are a major part of the building envelop which are exposed to external environment conditions (solar radiation, outside air temperature, wind, precipitation). The composition of a wall and thereby its heat-storing capacity and heat conduction property have a major impact on indoor thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings and on cooling loads in the air conditioned buildings.the wall material , thickness and finishes should be selected a acording to the cimate zone building comfort requirements. Thermal storage/thermal capacity Thermal capacity is the measure of the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a layer of a material ;it is a product of the density and specific heat and volume of the construction layer. The main effect of heat storage within the building structure is to moderate fluctuation in the indoor temperature In a building system, thermal mass can be defined as the ability building material to store heat energy to balance the fluctuations in the heat energy requirements or room temperature in the building due to the varying outside air temperature. The capacity to store heat depends upon the mass and therefore on the density of the material as well as on its specific heat capacity. Thus, high-densitymaterials, such as concrete, bricks, and stone, are said to have high thermal mass,owing to their high capacity to store heat, while lightweight as wood or plastic, have a low thermal mass. The heat-storing capacity of building material help achieve thermal comfort conditions by providing a time-delay. This thermal storage effect increases with increasing compactness, density,and specific heat capacity of materials. Conductivity Conductivity(K) is defined as the quantityof heat in the —steady-state“onditions flowing the unit time through a unit area of a slab of uniform material of infinite extent and of unit thickness, when unit difference of temperature is established between its faces. The unit is W/m-K (Watt per meter -degree Kelvin). The conductivity values varies from 0.3 W/m-K for insulators to 400W/m-K for metals. Materials with lower conductivity are preferred, as they are better insulator and would reduce the external heat gains from the envelop Thermal insulation Thermal insulation plays an important role in reducing the conductance or U value W/m2 -k and roofs. Insulation should always be placed on the hotter side of the surface.Thermal mass is not a substitute for insulation; in fact, a high thermal mass material is usually not a good thermal conductor.Building should use insulations in combination with heat- storing materials. This storing mass should be placed towards the inside in passively cooled buildings. ECBC requirements for external walls For air-conditioned buildings, the EBbC recommends thermal performance for external opaque walls. These are mentioned below: Optimization of roofs figure shows that the solar intensity of irradiation is maximum on the horizontal plane is the roof.Conductance of heat from the roof can be very high, if not insulated well. This can result in increased cooling load, if the space below is air conditioned, or high-discomfort hours, if the space below is naturally ventilated. Average daily intensity of solar radiation incident on the horizontal roof surface in Bangalore Techniques to reduce heat gains through roofs Green roof concept Green roofs have the potential to improve the thermal performance of a roofing system through shading, insulation,evapotranspiration and thermal mass, thus reducing abuilding‘s energy demand for space conditioning. The green roof moderates the heat flstem and ow through the roofing system helps in reducing the temperature fluctuations due to the changing outside environment. Roof of buildings with roof garden Broken china mosaic can be used as an external roof finish to reflect the incident solar radiation A green roof is a roof of a building that is partial or completely covered with vegetation and soil that is planted over the waterproofing membrane. If widely used, green roofs can also reduce the problem of an urban heat island, which would further reduce energy consumption in urban areas Use of high reflective materials on the roof top .Use light-coloured roofs having a solar index(SRI) of 50% or more . the dark colored traditional roofing finishes have SRI varying from 5%to 20 % or more. A good ex of high SRI is the use of broken china and light colored tile finish as roof finishes, which reflect heat off the surface because of high solar reflectivity and infrared emittance, which, in turn, prevents heat gain and thus help in reducing the cooling load from the building envelop. Thermal insulation for roof \W9.30233; Well insulated roofs with the insulation placed on the external side are an effective measure to reduce solar heat gains \W9.30233; from the roof top. The insulated material should be protected by water proofing material . For air-conditioned space conservation Building Code (ECBC) recommends the thermal performance for external roofs for the five climate zones in India. Bangalore falls in the moderate climatic zone .the maximum U-value recommended by the ECBC for the moderate climate zone is mentioned below: Table : Roof assembly U-factor requirements as per ECBC 2007 Table : Examples of the ECBC-compliant roof assembly insulation + cool roofs along with the lower u value for roofs, the EBC also recommends cool roofs. Cool roofs are roofs covered with a reflective coating that has high emissivity property, which is very effective in reflting the sun energy away from the roof surface. These cool roofs are known to stay10\U+221216°Ccooler than normal roofs under a hot summer day. This quality greatly to reducing the cooling load that needs to be met by the HVAC system. A c combination of an insulated roof along with a cool roof has higher energy-saving potential. External shading of roofs Shading of roofs through design features, like pergola or solar photo voltic panel helps reduce incident solar direct radiation on the roof surface. This, in turn, helps to reduce the solar temperature of the roof and conduction gains in the space belt is observed using software simulations. that shading of roof has equal potential in reducing the energy consumption by air conditioning to that of an insulated roof. Thermal properties of a few building and insulating materials for reference are given below:- Roof of buildings with roof shading Thermal properties of building and insulating materials at a mean temperature of 50°C SUBMITTED TO :-AR.GOPAL GOYAL. energy efficient techniques prepared by :-pawan kumar sharma Fenestration and shading Of all the elements building envelop windows and glazed areas are most vulnerable to heat gains. Windows are required to bring inside natural daylight and wind; however, with light it also brings in heat. Proper location, sizing and detailing of windows and the shading form are therefore very important aspects in a solar passive building design. Hence the window design has been detailed out as separate guidelines, which should be referred separately. Finishes The external finish of a surface determines the amount of heat absorbed or rejected by it. For example, a smooth and light- colored surface reflects more light and heat in comparison to a dark colored surface. Light color surface have higher emissivity and hence should be preferred in moderate climate zones, like Bangalore, where the intensity of solar radiation is very high. Emissivity is the measure of the capacity of a surface to emit radiation. The internal surfaces should also be finished in light colors, as that helps in obtaining higher refltanctance of light of inside the space Daylight integration Daylight is a natural source of light, which meets at the requirements of good lighting. Daylight provides a dynamic environment inside the building in consonance with the nature outdoors. Windows in building established a contact with nature through a direct view and admit daylight inside. Adequate provisions of day light in buldings through a proper planning for windows in respect of the position, area and shape, are therefore an important aspect of a good building design. Day light integration helps reduce on artificial light dependence lighting and thus help reduce electricity consumption of the building. Details on daylight integration are part of the window guideline. Building envelop optimization for naturally ventilated buildings to achieve thermal comfort Building envelops are optimize heat gains and maximize thermal comfort in a naturally ventilated building. The requirement of optimizing a building envelop is one of the most important strategies to lt-up in the lower down heat building interior space and hence play a vital role in achieving thermal comfort as prescribed in the National Building Code 2005 for naturally ventilated building. Envelop Building envelops are optimize heat gains and maximize thermal comfort in a naturally ventilated building. The requirement of optimizing a building envelop is one of the most important strategies to lt-up in the lower down heat building interior space and hence play a vital role in achieving thermal comfort as prescribed in the National Building Code 2005 for naturally ventilated building. building occupied by 24 hours as residence For the achievement of thermal comfort in the natural ventilated spaces of residences, the following guidelines should be fallowed: 1.For the effectiveness of natural ventilation, windows should be designed as per the guideline in "Window Design for Natural Ventilation“ 2.Windows should be fully shaded in order to maximize thermal comfort in the space 3.Building envelops should be as per the recommendations included in this guideline. This recommended envelop design is for naturally ventilated residential spaces with 6 air change per hour. Buildings occupied for daytime hours \9hours) Offices For the achievement of thermal comfort in the naturally ventilated offices, the fowling guide lines should be followed For the effectiveness of natural ventilation, windows should be designed as per the guideline outlined in —Window Design for Natural Ventilation. Windows should fully shaded in order to maximize thermal comfort in the space Building envelops should be as per the recommendations included in this guideline. this recommended envelop design is for naturally ventilated office spaces with 6 air change per hour. Optimum building envelop configuration for naturally ventilated residences and offices The recommended envelop of the space shall be as per the following properties 1. The U-Value described in the table be taken as a recommendation while designing the roof, wall, and floor components. 2. The clarity of the user, it should be noted that the different combinations of envelops differ from each other with respect to only the wall material , while the roof , floor glazing type remain the same. Figure : Zone temperature conditions of non-air-conditioned spaces in residences on the hottest day (April 11) of the year. Figure : Zone temperature conditions of non-air-conditioned spaces in the office on the hottest day (April 11) of the year. Low-energy passive-cooling strategies for Bangalore:- Bangalore far under the moderate climate zone with favorable outdoor conditions to design hybrid low-energybuilldings. A weather analysis for Bangalore shows that design strategies,such as shading from direct solar radiation and natural ventilation, are very effective in achieving comfort in non-air-conditioned living spaces. High thermal mass and evaporative cooling are other effective design strategies shown in the figure below: Figure : Various design strategies reflected in the psychrometric chart for the climate of Bangalore (Reference: Climate Calculator) Ventilation Ventilation fulfills a number of requirements associated with human comfort: 1 Health :-respiration, odor avoidance and pollutant removal. 2 Cooling: removal of heat produced by internal and solar gains, both during daytime and night time. 3.Comfort: provision of air movement to increase perceived cooling. methods of ventilation :- 1.Natural ventilation 2.Mechanical ventilation 3.Mixed mode ventilation Natural ventilation systems rely on pressure to move fresh air through buildings. The pressure difference can be caused by wind (cross-ventilation) or the buoyancy effect created by temperature differences or differences in humidity(stack effect). In both the cases, the amount of ventilation critically depends on the design of openings, their size and placement. Natural ventilation un liked ventilation, uses natural sources, like wind and buoyancy to deliver fresh air into the building. Cross Ventilation A pressure is generated on a surface whenever moving air is obstructed or deflected. The distribution of pressure depends upon the wind direction and the geometry of the surfaces. Pressures be generally positive on the windward sides of buildings and negative on leeward sides .The lateral pressure distribution gives rise to cross-ventilation that is, from airflow to the windward to the leeward side of the building . This required that the interior of the building is not sealed by dividing was or that where rooms are double-banked; openings at the high level are provided. Cross-ventilevelation was assisted by having high-lopenings in at the high level are provided. stack effect. SUBMITTED TO :-AR.GOPAL GOYAL. energy efficient techniques prepared by :-pawan kumar sharma Stack effect Air moves through a structure in response to pressure differences generated by either the thermal buoyancy(stack effect) or wind. Buoyancy pressures are generated by air warmer than its surroundings as the warmer air is of lower density than the cooler air. Figure:- Effect of area of openings on average indoor wind velocity cooling effect at night The pressure generated is dependent upon the average temperature difference between inside and outside and the height of the stack or column of warmer air. Where there are openings at the top and bottom of the stack, the cooler heavier air will enter the lower openings and displace the warmer lighter air at the top. This is known as displacement ventilation, and if there is a source of heat which maintains the stack , the flow continue. It is important to note that under these conditions, air temperatures reduced will be close to outdoor temperatures and those higher will be warmer Traditionally , this concept was used very common by having high ceilng conjtion with ventilators and low-level openings, courtyards and atria. Probable indoor wind speed The available wind speed in a room with a single window on the windward side is about 10% of the outdoor speed. The value, however, is increased by up to 15% when two windows are provided instead of one and wind impinges obliquely on them. The effect of an area of openings on the indoor wind velocity is depicted in the graph below Building design guidelines for naturally ventilation:- 1. Maximized wind-inducation ventilation by orienting the longer facades of the building towards predominant wind direction. However, if this is not possibe . it could be oriented at any angle between 0°to 30 without losing any beneficial aspect of the breeze. 2 Inlet openings in the building should be well distributed and should be located on the windward side at a low lvl, and outside opening should be located on the leeward side at a higher level, to maximize the stack effect. 3.Build should be sited where obstruction to buildings for summer winds are minimum. 4. Naturally ventilated building should have a narrow floor width; in fact, it is difficult to naturally ventilate buildings with a floor depth more than 45'-0" Figure : Direct evaporative cooling, source Passive cooling techniques, B. Mohanty 5.For a total area of openings (inlet and outlet ) 20\U+221230% of the floor area, the average indoor wind velocity that could be achieved is around 30% of the outdoor wind 6.windows openings should be operatable by occupants .• In addition to the primary consideration of airflow in and out of the building . air flow between the rooms of building is important. As possible situations, interior doors should be designed to be opened to encouragewhole-building ventilation 6.Use of clerestories or vented skylights: a clerestory vented skylight will provide an opening for stale air to escape in a buoyancy ventilation strategy. The light well can also act as a solar chimney to augment the flow Openings lower in the structure, such as basement windows, must be provided to complete the ventilation system. Evaporating cooling Evaporative cooling lowers the indoor air temperature. This cooling strategy is also effective in the moderate climate of Bangalore. In evaporative cooling, the sensible heat of air is used to evaporate the water, there by releasing energy and air gets cooled, which, in turn, cools the indoor living spaces. HUL solar passive building in Bangalore with ponds integrated in the circulation areas to integrate evaporative cooling. Increase in contact between the air and water increases the rate of evaporation. Water bodies, like lake ponds, or fountains, in the landscape help reduce microclimate air temperature around the building Traditional, evaporative cooling has been also used to cool the hot breeze. Water was used commonly to reduce temperatures by evaporative cooling, to humidify the air and also to clean the air by capturing dust particles. It has been calculated that the temperature of 1calulm3 of air will be reduced by 1°c by the evaporation of 0\U+22125gm of water .in public buildings, water in pools and fountains cooling element combined with a cross ventilation arrangement of openings. Ways of integrating evaporative cooling Radiative cooling Principal: If two elements at different temperatures are kept facing one another, a net radiation heat loss from the hotter element will occur until a state of equilibrium between the two elements is achieved. In order to have an appreciable net heat flow between the two bodies, the temperature difference should be significant Low -energy passive design strategies in residential building:- Thermal comfort throughout the year can be easily achieved in residential building in banglore by adopting the following passive design strategies: 1. Long facade oriented towards north or south 2. East and west facades to be shaded 3. Solar chimney integration to enhance natural ventilation 4. Insulated roof 5. Roof pond in certain areas for radiant cooling 6.Direct evaporative cooling Some low-energy cooling and design strategies that could be adopted in residential buildings in Bangalore are described below. These strategies were analysed in the TRNSYS software. 1. Long facade oriented towards north\U+2212south: this is based on the solar radiation analysis for the Bangalore city. East\U+2212west facade receive higher intensity of solar radiation throughout the year and hence short facades of the building should be oriented towards east\U+2212west. This ensures minimum solar heat gain inside the building. 2. Insulated roof :solar analysis of Banglore predict high intensity of solar radiation being received on horizontal surfaces. To reduce conduction gains from the roof, it is very essential to insulate the roof from outside. 3. Solar chimney to enhance natural ventilation through stack effect inlet opening should be provided at lower level and an outlet opening through a solar chimney increase the temperature difference between the hot air and cool air, thus enhancing the air movement and therefore natural ventilation. Natural ventilation is very effective in the moderate climate of Bangalore as the outside air temperature falls under comfort zone. 4. Radiant cooling: it is also effective in Bangalore and therefore roof ponds could be provided, wherever possible. 5. Evaporative cooling: in the summer months in Bangalore, which are April, May, and June, evaporative cooling is effective, as the outside temperature is high and relative humidity(RH) is lower. This can be integrated in buildings through evaporative coolers wet Khas Khas integrated around windows and through designing water bodies in the landscape Some low-energy passive cooling and design strategies that could be adopted in buildings in different climatic zones direct heat gain in winter and protection in summer Tromb wall Solar cimney Earth berming SUBMITTED TO :-AR.GOPAL GOYAL. energy efficient techniques prepared by :-pawan kumar sharma Evaporating cooling wind tower Earth air tunnel Solar acess and Daylighting Design Solar cimney PASSIVE DOWNDRAFT EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEMA system of inlet and outlet shafts Locations, sizes and heights : generate required air movement A fine spray of water cools the air at entry6-9 air change rates per hour observed Strategy: Hot season: evaporative cooling Monsoon: cooling off, induce ventilation by fans Winter:ventilation minimised green top

Language	English
Drawing Type	Block
Category	Parks & Landscaping
Additional Screenshots
File Type	dwg
Materials	Concrete, Plastic, Wood, Other
Measurement Units	Metric
Footprint Area
Building Features	Garden / Park, Pool
Tags	autocad, bioclimatic, bioclimatica, bioclimatique, bioklimatischen, block, building, construction, cooling, durable, DWG, efficient, energy, la durabilité, nachhaltig, nachhaltigkeit, sustainability, sustainable, sustentabilidade, sustentável, techniques